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Turkish Revolution As Defined By The Six Essay

Turkish Revolution as Defined by the Six Arrows of Kemalism The Turkish Republic

On October 29th, 1923, the country of Turkey was proclaimed a Republic and Mustafa Kemal was elected its first President, with Ismet (Inonu) as the first Prime Minister. In many ways, this was the natural result of Turkey's war for independence against the Ottoman Empire, however the appointment of Kemal as President proved to have vast and -- in many cases -- unexpected ramifications for Turkey and its people.

The decision to proclaim Turkey a Republic was considered "premature," by many Independence War veterans, to include Huseyin Rauf, Ali Faut, Adnan, Refat and Kazim, as "calling the state a republic did not in itself bring freedom and that the real difference was between despotism and democracy, whether under a republican or a monarchic system."

Meanwhile, many...

Abolishing the caliph -- a religious and largely symbolic position -- was merely the first of several secular-minded reforms under the Kemal regime.
Now referred to as the "Six Arrows of Kemalism," this regime was founded on the following six principles:

1. Republicanism: Kemal and his supporters recognized no other political party aside from the Republican Party, believing that a Republic best represented the will of the people.

2. Populism: Kemal replaced the ancient traditions of Turkey -- to include the secondary status of women -- with more…

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5. Nationalism: Kemal was staunchly opposed to imperialist rule and sought to create a united, indivisible Turkish state.

6. Statism: Kemal imposed a split economic policy in which the state assumed responsibility for all major investments -- such as the building of a national railroad beginning in 1923 -- though it stilled allowed for local industrial freedom.

As you might expect, not everyone was in agreement that the policies Kemal regime -- formally referred to as the Republican People's Party -- were in Turkey's best interest. Soon after Kemal assumed his presidential post, war veteran Huseyin Rauf formed the Progressive Republican political opposition party. Believing several of Kemal's policies to be premature, underdeveloped, or overly radical, the Progressive Republican Party (PRP) advocated decentralization, separation of political powers, and an evolutionary vs. revolutionary approach to change. PRP policies were highly favored among the conservative east and, as a result, the party quickly became a contender for political power in Turkey.
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